Chronology of Tamil history

History of Tamil Nadu
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Chronology of Tamil history
Sangam period
Sources
Government · Economy
Society · Religion · Music
Early Pandyas
Early Cheras · Early Cholas
Velirs
Medieval history
Mutharayar Empire
Pallava Empire
Pandya Empire
Chola Empire
Chera Kingdom
Vijayanagara Empire
Madurai Nayaks
Tanjore Nayaks
Kalahasti Nayaks
Gingee Nayaks
Kandy Nayaks
Thondaiman Kingdom

1 Pre-historic period
2 Pre-Sangam period
3 Sangam age
4 Post-Sangam period
5 Pallava and Pandya
6 Chola period
7 Chola to Pandya transition
8 Pandiya revival and Muslim rule
9 Vijayanagar and Nayak period
10 East India Company
11 British Rule
12 Post independence period
13 References
14 External links

Pre-historic period

c. 30,000 BCE-Paleolithic industries in north Tamil Nadu
c. 8000-3000 BCE-Pre-pottery microlithic industries
c. 3000-1000 BCE-Neolithic and fine microlithic industries

Pre-Sangam period

c. 1000-300 BCE-Megalithic age
c. 600 BCE-Tamil-Brahmi prevalent as the Tamil script
c. 250 BCE-Asoka's inscription recording the four kingdoms (Chera, Cholas, Pandya and Satyaputra) of the ancient Tamil country
c. 200 BCE-Elara, a Tamil prince and contemporary of Dutte Gamini, rules Lanka

Sangam age

c. 200 BCE-200 CE-Sangam age during which books of Sangam Literature are created
c. 150 BCE-Kharavela of Kalinga records his conquest of a federation of Tamil kings in his Hathigumpha inscription
c. 130- Chera king Udayanjeral rules in the Chera country
c. 175-195-Gajabahu I of Lanka a contemporary of Chera Senguttuvan and Karikala Chola
c. 190- Chera Kadukko Ilanjeral Irumporai rules in the Chera country
c. 200-Writing becomes widespread and vattezuttu evolved from the Tamil Brahmi becomes a mature script for writing Tamil
c. 210- Pandya Neduncheliyan rules in Madurai and defeats his enemies at the battle of Talaiyalanganam

Post-Sangam period

c. 300-590-Kalabhras invade the Tamil country and displace the traditional rulers
c. 300-500-Post-Sangam period, Tamil epics such as Silappatikaram written

Pallava and Pandya

c. 560-580-Pallava Simhavishnu overthrows the Kalabhras in Tondaimandalam
c. 560-590-Pandya Kadungon rules from Madurai and displaces the Kalabhras from the south
c. 590-630-Pallava Mahendravarman I rules in Kanchipuram
c. 610-Saiva saint Thirunavukkarasar (Appar) converts Mahendravarman from Jainism
c. 628-Chalukya Pulakesi II invades the Pallava kingdom and lays siege on Kanchipuram
c. 630-668 Pallava Narasimhavarman I (Mamalla) rules in Tondaimandalam
c. 642-Pallava Narasimhavarman I launches a counter invasion into the Chalukya country and sacks Vatapi. Pulakesi is killed in battle
c. 670-700 CE-Pandya Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman rules in Madurai
c. 700-728-Pallava Rajasimha builds the Kailasanatha temple in Kanchipuram and many of the shore temples in Mamallapuram
c. 700-730-Pandya Ranadhira (Koccadayan) expands the Pandya kingdom into the Kongu country
c. 731-Succession crisis in the Pallava kingdom. Council of ministers select Nandivarman II (Pallavamalla) (731-796) as the Pallava king
c. 731-765-Pandya Maravarman Rajasimha aligns with the Chalukya Vikramaditya II and attacks the Pallava king Nandivarmam
c. 735-Chaluka Vikramaditya II invades the Pallava country and occupies the capital Kanchipuram
c. 760-Pallava Nandivarman II invades and defeats the Ganga kingdom at the battle of Villande
c. 765-815-Pandya Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (Varaguna Pandyan) rules in Madurai
c. 767-Pandya forces defeat the Pallavas on the south banks of the Kaveri
c. 800-830-Varagunan I becomes Pandya king and extends his empire up to Tiruchirapalli by defeating the Pallava king Dandivarman
c. 830-862-Pandya Sirmara Srivallabha rules in Madurai
c. 840-Srimara invades Lanka and captures the northern provinces of the Lanka king Sena I
c. 848 -Rise of Vijayalaya Chola in Tanjavur after defeating the Muttaraiyar^[1]Muthuraja rulers of kaveri delta
c. 846-869-Pallava Nadivarman III leads an invasion against the Pandya kingdom and defeats the Pandyas at the battle of Tellaru. Pallava kingdom extnds up to the river Vaigai
c. 859-Pandya Srivallaba defeats the Pallavas at a battle at Kumbakonam
c. 862-Sinhala forces under Sena II invade the Pandya country and sack Madurai. Srimara is killed in battle

Chola period

c. 903 -Aditya Chola defeats the Pallava king Aparajita
c. 949 -Battle of Takkolam. Rashtrakuta Krishna III defeats the Chola army
c. 985 -Accession of Rajaraja Chola I
c. 1010 -Rajaraja completes the Brihadisvara Temple
c. 1012 -Accession of Rajendra Chola I
c. 1023 -Rajendra's expedition to the Ganges
c. 1025 -Chola navies defeat the king of Srivijaya
c. 1041 -Rajendra invades Lanka
c. 1054 -Rajadhiraja Chola dies in the battle of Koppam against Western Chalukyas
c. 1070 -Accession of Kulothunga Chola I
c. 1118 -Vikrama Chola
c. 1133 -Kulothunga Chola II
c. 1146 -Rajaraja Chola II
c. 1163 -Rajadhiraja Chola II
c. 1178 -Kulothunga Chola III
c. 1216 -Rajaraja Chola III
c. 1246 -Rajendra Chola III

Sambuvarayar kings

Chola to Pandya transition

c. 1190-1260 - Bana Dynasty rule Magadaimandalam with family title of 'ponparappinan' and headquarter at Aragalur
c. 1216 - Kadava Dynasty

Pandiya revival and Muslim rule

1251 -Accession of Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan I
1279 -End of the Chola dynasty with the death of Rajendra Chola III
1268-1310 - Maravarman Kulasekhara Pandiyan rules in Madurai
1308 -Malik Kafur a general of Allaudin Khilji invades Devagiri en route to Tamil Nadu
1310 -Sundara Pandian, son of Kulasekara Pandiyan, kills his father and becomes king. In the ensuing civil war he is defeated by his brother Vira Pandiyan.
1311 -Malik Kafur, invades Pandiya country and attacks Madurai
1327-1370 Madurai under the rule of Madurai Sultanate

Vijayanagar and Nayak period

1370 - Bukka, the Vijayanagara ruler and his son Kumara Kamapna capture the entire Tamil country
1522 -Portuguese land on the Coromandal coast
1535 -Achyuta Raya of Vijayanagara appoints Sevappa Nayak, who established the Nayak dynasty at Tanjavur
1535-1590 -Sevappa Nayak rules as the first independent Nayak ruler in Tanjavur
1600-1645 -Ragunatha Nayak, the greatest of the Tanjavur Nayaks
1609 -the Dutch establish a settlement in Pulicat
1623-1659 -Tirumalai Nayak rules in Madurai
1639 British East India Company purchases Chennapatinam and establishes Fort St. George
c. 1652 -Tanjavur and Jingi fall to the Bijapur Sultan
1656 -Mysore army invades Salem against the Madurai Nayak Tirumalai
1675 -Maratha army from Bijapur marches into Tanjavur, Ekoji declares himself king
1692 Nawab of Arcot established by Nawab Zulfiqar Ali Khan, a viceroy of the Moghul Emperor
1746 La Bourdonnais of the French East India company attacks and takes Fort St. George

East India Company

1749 British regain Fort St. George through the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle arising out of the War of the Austrian Succession
1751 Robert Clive attacks Arcot and takes it with only 500 men
1756 The British and the French sign the first Carnatic treaty. Mahommed Ali Walajah was recognized as Nawab of the Carnatic
1759 French under Thomas Arthur, Comte de Lally, attack Madras
1760 Battle of Vandavasi between the British and the French. Birth of Veerapandya Kattabomman
1767 Hyder Ali, Sultan of Mysore attacks Madras, but defeated by the British at the Battle of Chengam
1773 -British Government passes the Regulating Act. The administration of Madras comes under British Government review
1777-1832 - Serfoji II rules in Tanjavur
1799 -Serfoji cedes the Tanjavur kingdom to the British. Kattabomman executed by British
1803 -Bentinck appointed governor of Madras
1800-1805 Poligar Wars
1806 -Vellore Mutiny East India Company's Indian soldiers in Vellore mutiny against governor Bentinck in Vellore fort. 114 British officers killed and 19 mutineers executed.

British Rule

1892 -British Government passes the Indian Councils Act
1909 -'Minto-Morley Reforms'. Madras Legistlative Council formed
1921 -First regional elections held in Madras. Justice party forms government
1927 -Madras Congress passes a resolution for 'Full Independence'
1928 -Simon Commission visits Madras. mass protests results in several deaths
1937 -Congress party under C. Rajagopalachari wins provincial elections and forms government in Madras
1938 -Thanthai Periyar [EVR] organises a separatist agitation demanding Dravidanadu consisting of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala
1941 -Indian Muslim League holds its congress in Madras. Muhammad Ali Jinnah delivers keynote speech
1944 -Periyar EVR and C. N. Annadurai organises Dravidar Kazhagam

Post independence period

1947 -Madras Presidency, comprising Tamil Nadu and parts of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka established
1953 -Madras state comes into being along linguistic lines
1965 -Widespread agitations in response to the Federal Government's directive of Hindi being the National Language
1969 -Madras state is renamed as Tamil Nadu (Land of the Tamils)

References

^ http://www.iasexams.com/NCERT-Books/NCERTBooksforClass7/FreedownloadClass7HistoryNCERTBook/Class7_History_Unit02_NCERT_TextBook_EnglishEdition.pdf

Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. A History of South India, OUP, Reprinted 2000
Historical Atlas of South India-Timeline-http://www.ifpindia.org/Historical-Atlas-of-South-India-Timeline.html (French Institute of Pondicherry)
Codrington, Humphry William, A Short History of Lanka (http://lakdiva.org)
Veluppillai, Prof. A., Religious Traditions of the Tamils http://tamilelibrary.org/
Nilakanta Sastri, K.A., Srinivasachari, Advanced History of India, Allied Publishers Ltd, New Delhi, Reprinted 2000
Read, Anthony, The Proudest Day - India's Long Ride to Independence, Jonathan Cape, London, 1997

External links

Tamil Sentiment. Tamil shrines, Tamil culture, the history of Tamils, by Kavi Yogi Dr. Shuddhananda Bharati

Chronology of Tamil history

Contents

Pre-historic period

Pre-Sangam period

Sangam age

Post-Sangam period

Pallava and Pandya

Chola period

Chola to Pandya transition

Pandiya revival and Muslim rule

Vijayanagar and Nayak period

East India Company

British Rule

Post independence period

References

External links